When the veins of the legs twist and enlarge, they are known as varicose veins. If any of the veins appear near the surface of the skin, there are likely more chances of those veins becoming varicose. These veins majorly impact the vein of the legs. The reason is that the bodily movements of standing and walking raise the pressure on lower body veins. While for some varicose veins are considered a less bothering cosmetic concern, for others it leads to aching pain and discomfort. In some instances, varicose veins can give birth to more serious concerns if left without surgical repair.
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1. Dark purple or blue.
2. Having an ache in the legs or heavy legs (often worse at night and after exercise).
3. Veins appear twisted and bulging in legs
4. Burning, pulsating, muscle cramps and swelling in the lower part of the legs
5. Worse pain after standing or sitting for a long time.
6. Bleeding from varicose veins
7. Cramps may develop, especially when making a sudden standing up.
8. In some cases, some people have the problem that the skin above the ankle may shrink. This is because the fat under the skin becomes very hard.
9. Irregular scar-like patches can appear at the ankles sometimes. This is known as atrophy, Blanche.
10. Itching around one or more of the veins.
Several complications may occur with the side effect of varicose veins. These complications are:
1. Drainage: When the pressure builds up in the veins and is pushed out of the veins, fluid from the blood. This buildup of fluid is called the tissue and is seen as swelling in the legs. If the swelling increases in the legs, the body finds to remove the fluid and push this out through the skin. The colour is this liquid is clear yellow that can transude from the legs.
2. Skin Changes: It leads to the colour change of the skin of the legs if the swelling is present in the legs for a long time. With the colour change, the legs turn in to harden as well. The hardened areas have now changed into red or brown colour. If the treatment starts, it will still be the same colour.
3. Rash: The skin will become red which results in dermatitis. Dermatitis is a term that describes skin irritation. The effect is that the skill colour changes to red, and this rash are often scaly. Dermatitis can be treated with lotion, but once the scars happen, they will become permanent.
4. Ulcers: Ulcers can be formed near varicose veins, near the ankles, when the excess swelling and fluid is found in the tissue, then improper nutrients from the blood are not exactly reaching the skin, this small trauma leads to the ulcer that takes a long time to heal from the legs.
5. Infection: The swelling in the legs damages the skin’s ability to prevent bacteria from entering the skin. This causes increases the swelling and introduces bacteria into the skin, resulting in a skin infection called cellulitis. The main reason for the swelling will be open wounds from ulcers and drainage from increased swelling, which leads to an infection near the varicose veins.
6. Bleeding: Varicose veins divide the blood that is not flowing properly, leading to a significant amount of blood loss. But if there is a trauma and the skill is not broken, the varicose vein will bleed into the tissues, which causes a large bruise.
7. Blood Clots: Blood clots are divided into 2 parts, i.e. superficial and deep. a. Superficial clots are called thrombophlebitis. This type of clot occurs in the varicose vein by itself only. The reasons for this are due to blood dividing and clotting. B. Deep Clots or DVT (deep vein thrombosis) is a little complicated. This type of clot forms in the deep veins in the legs. DVT is a serious condition. It does not usually occur in a varicose vein; the reason behind this is that the varicose vein affects the veins close to the surface of the skin. However, with severe varicose veins, there can be a risk that DVT deep clots might occur.
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1. Liver tests can show evidence of Gall Bladder disease.
2. CBC is a Complete blood count that checks all types of blood cells like white cells. A high count of white blood cells indicates infection.
3. Ultrasound testing uses sound waves to generate images of the internal abdomen, that include the Gall Bladder.
4. CT scan is computer tomography showing a detailed X-ray picture of abdominal or other organs.
5. HIDA scan is a test done with radioactive hydroxy iminodiacetic material injected into the patient. It measures the gallbladder emptying function. This test is also called cholescintigraphy.
6. MRCP is Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, which uses MRI to produce detailed pictures.
7. ERCP is Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and according to this procedure, a tube placed down to the patient’s throat, into the stomach, and then inserted into a small intestine. Then gallbladder, liver, and pancreas were seen on X-ray.
CAUSES OF VARICOSE VEINS
When veins are not working properly, then varicose veins may occur. Veins are like one-way valves that prevent blood from flowing backwards and help to move in the right direction. If these valves fail, blood begins to drop in the veins rather than flow toward the heart. With this result, the veins become enlarged. Varicose veins mostly affected the legs. The veins are far away from the heart, and gravity makes it harder for the blood to flow upward.
Some causes for varicose veins include:
1. Age over 50
2. Standing for long periods
3. Family history of varicose veins
4. Restrictive clothing.
5. Pregnancy
6. Excess weight.
7. Obesity
TREATMENT OF VARICOSE VEINS
There isn’t a cure for varicose veins; these treatments can relieve discomfort from pain.
1. Elevation: To decrease the pressure in the veins and increase the blood flow, you should lift the legs upwards several times throughout the day.
2. Elastic stockings: To reduce discomfort, supportive stockings can be used; it helps us to compress your veins. This compression will stop the veins from stretching and help in blood flow.
3. Injection therapy (sclerotherapy): During Injection Therapy, the doctor injects a medicine solution into the vein. With the help of this solution, vein walls stick together.
4. Laser therapy: The doctor use a catheter (a long, thin tube) and laser to block off a damaged vein.
5. Vein surgery: Endoscopic vein surgery, using a small lighted scope inserted through a small slit to block off a vein.
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